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Thursday, March 13, 2008

Ajax Components History

AJAX Introduction

Ajax is the acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. However, rather than functioning as an acronym it better describes a technique for producing faster, more interactive, and usable web pages that don’t require re-loading every time a user changes a request. This is accomplished by increasing web page responsive-ness through the exchange of small pieces of data by an invisible server.

The prerequisites of Ajax are a collaboration of HXTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) that help represent the markup language, client-sided description languages like JavaScript, objects like XMLHTTPRequest that allow the asynchronous transfer of data, and the formatting provided by XML (Extensible Markup Language).

Again, Ajax is a technique, not an object. Jesse James Garrett coined Ajax in 2005 in a presentation to clients. The components that make up Ajax existed well before they were implemented to increase web page usability. This article will describe the development of the components that make up Ajax and their uses.

AJAX Background

As aforementioned, the components that provide the framework for Ajax execution include the following: 1) HXTML, that blends HTML and XML functions, 2) Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) that present markup languages intelligibly and style web content, 3) client-sided description languages like JavaScript, 4) XMLHTTPRequest objects.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the primary markup language for web pages. Markup languages represent text and extra information about the text that corresponds to structure and presentation. Originally conceived by the on-line publishing industry to interact with manuscripts, markup languages transitioned into the digital age through HTML. HTML describes the structure of certain web page text and further complements that description with interactive forms and objects that affect web browser behavior.

XML (Extensible Markup Language) is considered a general-purpose markup language. XML is an open, standard language that facilitates data sharing across information systems, particularly those connected via the Internet. The latest version of HXTML 1.1 became a W3C (World Wide Web Conference) recommendation and, therefore, an industry standard in 2001.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) display the presentation of markup written document. This style sheet language, which is also standardized by W3C, presents structured documents whose content is reusable in a variety of contexts. Content can be attached to different logics to create different presentations of the same data. Style sheets have existed since the 1970’s and SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). CSS Level 1 became usable in 1996. By 1998, CSS Level 2 was W3C recommended. As of 2006, CSS Level 3 is still under development. The main CSS contribution allows a document’s style to be influenced by multiple style sheets. The cascading effect comes from the ability of style sheets to ‘cascade’ from one another, inheriting a stylistic mixture determined by the site designer and user.

Javascript is a scripting language created to enable prototype-based programming. It is most popularly used for web sites. Its only similarity with Java the programming language is its C syntax. Javascript was developed in 1995 and trademarked by Sun Microsystems. It was licensed for use with Netscape Communications when Netscape began to support Java technology in its Netscape Navigator web browser. Currently, Javascript also operates for other entities like the Mozilla Foundation. As of 2006, the latest model of this scripting language is Javascript 1.7.

XMLHTTPRequest object allows for the asynchronous exchange of data between the server and the client. It is an API (application program interface) that uses Javascript to transfer text data like XML using HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) thereby establishing independent communication between the server-side and client-side of a web page. Microsoft developed it in 2000 as a part of Outlook Web Access. Mozilla incorporated XMLHTTPRequest in 2002 and Apple incorporated it into Safari 2.1 soon after.

AJAX Usage

The uses of these Ajax components work together to allow for automatic, user-based alterations of web pages. As an application of HTML in XML, XHTML allows for automated web processing through the use of the standard XML library. CSS is primarily used to stylize web pages and making them more easily understandable to users. Javascript allows accessibility to the DOM (Direct Object Model) to allow for dynamic information presentation and increased interactivity. The DOM is a standard object model that renders HTML, XML and other related formats. XMLHTTPRequest is important in Ajax web development techniques to increase web page responsiveness and interactivity. For example, it is currently used in Google’s Gmail services and MapQuest among other highly interactive sites.

Points of Interest

The technologies outlined above work together to comprise Ajax programming. The primary benefits of this suite of technologies allow users to access and create web applications more quickly with a level of responsiveness usually attributed to desktop applications. This increased responsiveness is coupled with increased interactivity that doesn’t make it necessary for the web page to reload every time a user makes a new request of the web application.

Introduction to AJAX

Stands for Asynchronous JavaScript And XML, Ajax is a type of web development method popularized in 2005 by Google. Though it is not a new programming language, Ajax has given a new means to create user friendly web applications. It has revolutionized the usage of existing standards of programming and brings efficiency in the system. The main advantage of using Ajax technology is to display quick responses and increase interactivity with the end users.

AJAX is based on JavaScript and HTTP requests. With this new technology, your JavaScript can communicate directly with the server, using JavaScript XMLHttpRequest object. Through the help of this object, your JavaScript can collect data from a web server without reloading the page. This technology uses asynchronous data transfer (HTTP requests) conducted between the browser and the web server, allowing web pages to request little information from the server instead of whole pages.

The AJAX technique makes Internet applications simplified, quick and better responsive for user's demands than ever before. This browser technology performs independently of web server software. Normally, Ajax technology is based on web standards including JavaScript, XML, HTML, and CSS. The main feature of Ajax is that all web standards used in this technology are well defined and equally supported by all major browsers. So, it can better understand as the new way to revolutionize the working of internet applications. With AJAX, Internet applications can be made richer and more user-friendly.

Advantage of Ajax

Bandwidth Usage

By applying Ajax applications, you can easily load relative information or data as the payload reduced to a small size as compared to layout does not required to be redrawn on every updates.

Separation of data, format, style and function

Ajax techniques help programmers to clearly separate the methods and formats used in different aspects of information given through the means of web. The technology provides freedom to programmers to adept and adopts different languages and techniques whenever they are required to provide the best result.

Disadvantages of Ajax

Ajax has some negative side effects also which mainly includes browser integration, search engine optimization, reliance on JavaScript, and web analytical.

Web Applications Services - How To Use

A Web application Service is defined by the W3C as a software system designed to support Machine to Machine (M2M) interaction over a Internet i.e. Network. Web services are just Web APIs that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a remote system hosting the requested services also.

The W3C Web service definition encompasses many different systems, but in common usage the term refers to client and server that communicate using some types of messages that follow the SOAP standard. Common in both the field and the terminology is the assumption that there is also a machine readable description of the operations supported by the server written in the WSDL(Web Services Description Language).

The latter is not a requirement of a SOAP endpoint, but it is a prerequisite for automated client-side code generation in many Java and .Net OAP frameworks (frameworks such as Spring and Apache CFX being notable exceptions). Some industry organizations, such as the WS-I mandate both SOAP and WSDL in their definition of a Web service.

A new outline of web site design proceeds to use of web applications services more and more. The target of this article is to show some possibilities of their usage. Usually, services providing content for web pages are included into their code. The integration of other sources is possible in a few different ways:

• by i-Frame (Inline frame)

• By Using Framesets

• by Using Ajax

• and using server technologies

Web applications integration

Inline-frame

The integration by using the inline frame i-frame technology is quite easy and does not require much special knowledge. A webmaster (or an editor) only needs to know where to include the content, the expected size and the URL.

Frameset

Framesets should be used only when it is not possible to do it the other way. Frames are necessary in some of internet applications, because they lower data flows' volume. A good example of such an application is an internet chat. In spite of that, there are AJAX techniques, which are able to avoid the use of framesets.

AJAX

AJAX and JavaScript technology is one of the most modern ways how to enrich a functionality of web applications. The term AJAX for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML has been used for the first time on February 2005, though JavaScript had supported asynchronous requests already since 2004.

AJAX uses XML Http Request object (XHR) for remote calls for data. It is used in some well known services like Goggle's Gmail, Mambo, Goggle Maps, Windows Live's Virtual Earth or the Map Quest. Unfortunately this technology has a lot of versions (like HTML) and therefore there were attempts to standardize it's functionality and many projects supporting object-like look of JavaScript like Prototype's or ASP.net AJAX had arised.

This technology has one security-based restriction against iframe or framesets. That is an unavailability of pages (data) not located at the same web server (or even in the same URL path).

Server technologies

Restriction of AJAX still can be suppressed by the use of server-side techniques. Server programming languages can read remote web pages too. ASP Example:

In combination of server-side and client-side methods, there is a chance for building interactive web sites rich in user supporting elements.

With a server programming interaction, several web application services have been prepared. We would like to present some of our own solutions.

Examples of services for web sites:

• a short message service support

• a meteorological forecast

• calendar services

• rss feeds

RSS feeds:

The RSS service has four different versions up to now. These are versions 0.9, 0.9x, 1.0 and 2.0. Every version has its own specifics, but all of them are based on XML. The 1.0 version is applied using RDF. The simplest versions for developers are 0.9x and 2.0. Those are using a light XML code and are the easiest to understand.

Syndication has different types of use, but always it is connected with some types of readers. There are AJAX readers like Google Reader, PHP and ASP readers or even standalone applications.

How to Learn AJAX - Asynchronous Javascript And XML

AJAX, also known as Asynchronous Javascript And XML, has taken the Web by storm and has dominated the Web 2.0 stage with it's flash-like features and awesome auto-generating effects.

AJAX is not easy to learn. But there's a million text tutorials out there on the web on how to learn AJAX... but how good are they? Most are NOT worth the read. A lot of these tutorials are written by people who have little experience and are just looking for some more traffic to their websites in hopes of grabbing a few clicks to their advertisements.

But there's still a few good ones. A guy by the name of Steve Holzner has written a few books on the subject and they're VERY highly rated by very technical people. While other books get poor ratings and little sales - Mr. Holzner seems to get plenty of great ratings and, I'm sure, the books are selling like crazy.

In the link below - you can see Steve Holzner has now created a Video Tutorial series on learning AJAX. The series is simply amazing and you'll be able to use these techniques to create some seriously cool effects on your website.

AJAX can be very tricky. Depending on browsers, users and other various problems that may occur - AJAX can give you a major headache. This is why I urge you to learn the CORRECT techniques in order to figure out how to bypass these basic problems that seem to be the biggest problem with learning this subject.

If you're not a believer in AJAX - maybe you should think the correct way... what your USERS enjoy. This is a major problem for many websites these days; Webmasters think in terms of what they enjoy and do not enjoy, and not of what their users enjoy. AJAX has become a major advantage on many sites such as DIGG, MySPACE and various other websites. Yahoo! now uses AJAX in their Search Engine's interface, similar to Google Suggest.

Be careful of whom you choose to learn from... just remember that there's a lot of "know it alls" in this world and few are familiar with the products they preach about. AJAX can be tricky and can cause a lot of problems if you learn the techniques from the wrong "teacher".

The video Tutorials below will teach you the correct way to use AJAX and you'll be learning from one of the Masters of the subject. Not some kid who wants you to go to his website based on Gaming or MySpace layouts.

Don't forget my mantra: Learn by doing, not by reading. If you're not "doing" while you're learning - you're not really learning. Practice everything you learn and you'll understand the subject a lot quicker!

How to Learn AJAX - Asynchronous Javascript And XML

AJAX, also known as Asynchronous Javascript And XML, has taken the Web by storm and has dominated the Web 2.0 stage with it's flash-like features and awesome auto-generating effects.

AJAX is not easy to learn. But there's a million text tutorials out there on the web on how to learn AJAX... but how good are they? Most are NOT worth the read. A lot of these tutorials are written by people who have little experience and are just looking for some more traffic to their websites in hopes of grabbing a few clicks to their advertisements.

But there's still a few good ones. A guy by the name of Steve Holzner has written a few books on the subject and they're VERY highly rated by very technical people. While other books get poor ratings and little sales - Mr. Holzner seems to get plenty of great ratings and, I'm sure, the books are selling like crazy.

In the link below - you can see Steve Holzner has now created a Video Tutorial series on learning AJAX. The series is simply amazing and you'll be able to use these techniques to create some seriously cool effects on your website.

AJAX can be very tricky. Depending on browsers, users and other various problems that may occur - AJAX can give you a major headache. This is why I urge you to learn the CORRECT techniques in order to figure out how to bypass these basic problems that seem to be the biggest problem with learning this subject.

If you're not a believer in AJAX - maybe you should think the correct way... what your USERS enjoy. This is a major problem for many websites these days; Webmasters think in terms of what they enjoy and do not enjoy, and not of what their users enjoy. AJAX has become a major advantage on many sites such as DIGG, MySPACE and various other websites. Yahoo! now uses AJAX in their Search Engine's interface, similar to Google Suggest.

Be careful of whom you choose to learn from... just remember that there's a lot of "know it alls" in this world and few are familiar with the products they preach about. AJAX can be tricky and can cause a lot of problems if you learn the techniques from the wrong "teacher".

The video Tutorials below will teach you the correct way to use AJAX and you'll be learning from one of the Masters of the subject. Not some kid who wants you to go to his website based on Gaming or MySpace layouts.

Don't forget my mantra: Learn by doing, not by reading. If you're not "doing" while you're learning - you're not really learning. Practice everything you learn and you'll understand the subject a lot quicker!

SEO for AJAX Website

AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript + Xml) is a mix of technologies that offers incredible functionality for web sites and get rid of the page reloads. In simple words AJAX brings software like usability to websites. You can have an idea of AJAX features by visiting following web pages:

- Google Maps

- Google Suggest

- Meebo.com

You must have idea now what functionality can be added to any website using AJAX, but AJAX website is not search engine friendly. The main reason of AJAX website not ranking well in search engines is that AJAX web pages cannot be easily bookmarked and also not proffered by search engines. The pages created are not unique and cod itself is not visible to search engines.

This doesn't mean that AJAX websites cannot rank well in search engines. You can use search engine optimization techniques discussed below and make your website search engine friendly as well as rank in top organic listings for your major keywords.

First issue is that AJAX is not visible to search engines. Therefore any content delivered through AJAX or say if websites navigation is delivered through AJAX. Hence search engine will only be able to crawl first page will less or no content. Spiders will not be able to spider other pages as navigational link are not visible to them. So what is the solution to this? Simple way is to make sure your website content and navigation is in HTML. This will serve you double benefits i.e. content in HTML is easily read by search engines and also will be visible to visitors who have JavaScript turned off or where browsers don't support JavaScript.

Second important factor was no unique links. I will say just visit your website as a search engine spider would. Make sure all your web pages have a proper path, content, moreover they have valid URLs. Other way is to use URL rewrite to create links that are search engine friendly. The mod rewrite instruction are useful in this your web page will be created dynamically but gives search engines an impression of unique URL with unique content.

Ajax Applications Development

AJAX has not only sprouted but has got root hold in developing dynamic web applications, that reflects changes in micro seconds thereby saving reloading time, improving usability, providing faster accessibility, to more web pages in lesser time. AJAX, acronym for Asynchronous Javascript And XML is the term whispered from almost every software developer mind and its waves are touching the network boundaries.

Ajax Applications Development has provided breakthrough in web application development. AJAX is a new way to define technology shifting web pages from HTML static pages to advance Java script and CSS enabled dynamic pages. AJAX is also called a free framework for fast creation of interactive cross-platform web experiences. This application has transformed the look, feel of web and has solved the major problem of web application of reloading.

Conglomeration of many technologies to form a more useful, dynamic, stronger technology - AJAX has accelerated the web world. Ajax incorporates standards-based presentation using XHTML and CSS; dynamic display and interaction using Document Object Model; data interaction and manipulation using XML; asynchronous data retrieval using XMLHttpRequest and Java Script binding together everything. AJAX uses Java script technology, HTML pages make asynchronous call to the server from which it fetches information that may be formatted as HTML, plain text, XML or Java Script Object Notation (JSON). To modify the Document Object Model (DOM) of the HTML page java script uses this content. Load of content on demand for various complex web applications has improved bandwidth usage by cutting down bandwidth consumption for complex functionalities.

AJAX is based on different server side architecture to support interaction model. Intermediate application layer, an Ajax engine (written in java script), is added in between user and server that allows asynchronous user’s interaction with application. This new approach has many benefits over static web applications, main features of AJAX include: Real-time form validation with server-side validation of codes. Auto-completion of form fields, better interaction and control with the use of advanced controls available. Content mix from third party application with your application is easily possible. Google Maps, Flickr, Orkut, Google Suggest are examples of AJAX application development.

Inspite of its myriad benefits, ajax application development is facing few major challenges: in-depth knowledge is required to understand upgrading Ajax functionality as it is not easy to develop Ajax that involves running complex java script code on client. Another challenge is that XMLHttpRequest object is not part of Java script technology specification, so it makes adaptablity difficult for older browsers. Even though browser add-ons have made debugging easy, processing logic embedded in client and on server makes application debugging difficult. Easy data access have provided easy way to plagiarism, except for restricted sections. Identifying particular state of application is difficult, this creates problem for user to bookmark specific application state. Also, iframe element used to populate browser history is not recommended by W3C. Websites using Ajax applications are generally not search engine friendly. Ajax has java script code that has compatibility problems with different browsers. Web analytics tracked records get cluttered with websites using Ajax technology as every event is tracked by analytics.

Careful consideration is required before implementing Ajax technology for your website to overcome few of its fallback.

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